Subramanian Swamy (sometimes spelt Subramaniam Swamy; born 15 September 1939 in Chennai, India) is an Indian academician, politician, and economist. He was the President of the Janata Party of India.
Swamy has previously served as member of the Planning Commission of India and Cabinet Minister of India. He has written extensively on foreign affairs of India dealing largely with China, Pakistan and Israel. He is also a published author.
In November 1978, Swamy was member of the Group of Eminent persons called to Geneva to prepare a report of the United Nations (UNCTAD)
on Economic Co-operation between Developing countries (ECDC).Swamy
simplified trade procedures and formulated a new export strategy which
became the forerunner of trade reform adopted subsequently. In 1994,
Swamy was appointed as Chairman of the Commission on Labour Standards
and International Trade by then Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao.
This was perhaps for the first time that an Opposition Party member was
given a Cabinet rank post by the ruling party. He also presently serves
as chairman of the SCMS Board of Governors of the SCMS Group of Educational Institutions in Kerala.
Early life and education
Subramanian Swamy was born in Mylapore, Chennai, India. His father Sitaram Subramanian is from Madurai, Tamil Nadu who was an Indian Statistical Service officer and retired as Director of the Central Statistical Institute. His mother Padmavati Subramanian belongs to Kerala Iyer family from Trichur, Kerala.
He attended Hindu College, University of Delhi, from where he earned his Bachelor Honours degree in Mathematics. He studied for his Masters degree in Statistics at the Indian Statistical Institute. He then went to study at Harvard University on a full Rockefeller scholarship. He received a Ph.D. in Economics in 1965. His thesis adviser was Nobel Laureate Simon Kuznets.
For some time, while completing his dissertation in 1963, he worked at the United Nations Secretariat in New York as an Assistant Economics Affairs Officer. He subsequently worked as a resident tutor at Lowell House at Harvard university.
Academic career
Professorships
In 1964, Swamy joined the faculty of economics at Harvard and since then he has taught in the Department of Economics. He began as an assistant professor in July 1966 and in 1969 became an associate professor. When he was Associate Professor at Harvard University, he was invited by Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen for reader’s chair on Chinese studies at Delhi School of Economics.He accepted the offer and came back. However, when he arrived for the
position at DSE, his appointment was cancelled due to his views on the
nuclear capabilities for India and market friendly attitude.Thereafter, he moved to the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
and alongside to his teaching duties, he took special interest in
talking to the hostel students. From 1969 to 1991, he was a Professor of mathematical economics at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.
He was removed from the position by its board of Governors in the early
1970s but was legally reinstated in the late 1990s by the Supreme Court of India.
He continued in the position until 1991 when he resigned to become a
cabinet minister. He served on the Board of Governors of the IIT, Delhi
(1977–80), and on the Council of IITs (1980–82).
He taught economics courses in summer session at Harvard
until 2011. In December 2011, the Faculty Council of the Faculty of
Arts and Sciences removed his course from the Harvard Summer School
course offerings in response to a controversial article he wrote,
effectively ceasing his employment at Harvard. Swamy on a lecture tour of America met US President, Barack Obama at a dinner at Mclean Virginia.
Political career
Early politics
Swamy's career started with his involvement in Jayaprakash Narayan's Sarvodaya movement, which was an apolitical movement but which formed the foundation of the creation of Janta Party later.
The real turn in his political career came after his sacking from IIT.
Liberal economic policies put forward by him didn't go well with the
then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi who discredited him as 'Santa Claus with unrealistic ideas'. As a result he was expelled from Indian Institute of Technology. This marked the beginning of his active political career. Staunch opponent of Indira Gandhi and right wing political party Jansangh sent him to Rajya Sabha - the upper house of Indian Parliament.
He was elected Member of Parliament
5 times between 1974 and 1999. He has twice represented the city of
Mumbai North East during 1977 and 1980, Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in
the Parliament.
During the period of emergency, he fled to America, seeking safe
haven with an Indian businessman in Michigan who had become the
spokesperson of opposition in the US. In 1976 when emergency was still
in force and an arrest warrant issued in his name, he came to parliament
to attend the session and managed to escape India after attending the
session. This act made him a hero in the eyes of opposition parties.
He was one of the founding members of the Janata Party and has been its president since 1990.
Minister of Commerce and Law of India
Economic Reforms in India
Swamy never actively supported FDI in retail and WTO even since he was commerce and law minister in Chandra Shekhar`s government.He called Swadeshi the best.
During 1990 and 1991 Swamy was a member of the Planning Commission of India and Cabinet Minister of Commerce and Law of India. During this period he claims to have created the blueprint for economic reforms in India under Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar which was later carried out in 1991 by Manmohan Singh, then Finance Minister under leadership of Prime Minister Narasimha Rao. The current Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh recently stated that Dr. Swamy was the first to envisage and articulate the need for reforms in India.
Between 1994 and 1996, he held the position of "Chairman of the
Commission on Labour Standards and International Trade" (equivalent to
the rank of a cabinet minister) under the P. V. Narasimha Rao government.
Issues held and contributions
Foreign policy and affairs
China and India
He claims normalizing relations between China and India. Those claims may be contested by supporters of Prime Minister Vajpayee who also have the same claims, but the proposal for normalizing and re-opening of the Kailash Mansarovar pilgrimage route was announced in the meeting Dr. Swamy had with China's supremo Deng Xiaoping in April 1981 and widely reported in the media then.
Israel
In his speeches and articles, Dr Swamy has expressed his admiration for Israel,
and has credited its retaliatory capacity for its ability to survive in
a hostile Arab environment. He made pioneering efforts at establishing diplomatic relations with Israel.
In 1982, Dr. Swamy became the first Indian political leader to make
publicized trip to Israel, where he met with some important Israeli
leaders such as Yitzhak Rabin and then Prime Minister Menachem Begin.
His efforts at normalizing relations with Israel have borne fruit now
with India's decision in 1992 to open Embassies in the respective
countries.
Court activism
For 15 years, he has been filing petitions in various courts starting with the case against Jayalalitha in 1996.
Hashimpura massacre
In 1987, when Muslim youths were killed under police custody, Swamy
spoke against it and sat on a fast for more than a week in Jantar Mantar
demanding the institution of an inquiry. After 25 years he started pursuing the case once again in court.
Role in 2G spectrum scam
In November 2008, Subramanian Swamy amongst others wrote the first of five letters to the Prime Minister Manmohan Singh seeking permission to prosecute A. Raja in regards to the 2G spectrum scam. However, Singh took no action, leading Swamy to file a case on his own in the Supreme Court of India regarding the matter, which then asked the Central Bureau of Investigation to produce a detailed report on the matter. He further called on the Indian government to re-auction the 2G spectrum without the involvement of Communications Minister Kapil Sibal.
Swamy has raised allegations that Sonia Gandhi's two sisters Anushka and Nadia have received sixty percent of the kickbacks in the 2G spectrum scam, amounting to 18,000 crore (US$3.28 billion) each.
On 15 April 2011, he filed a 206-page long petition with PM Singh
seeking permission to prosecute Gandhi. In the petition, he claimed to
have strong evidence of corrupt acts committed by Gandhi as early as
1972; he also raised doubts regarding her acquisition of Indian
citizenship.
At a lecture on corruption given on 29 May 2011, he again repeated his
allegation against Sonia Gandhi, saying she has Rs.1 lakh crore stashed
abroad.
Swamy filed various documents in the court to prosecute Minister of Home Affairs P.Chidambaram
by including a January 15, 2008 letter written by Chidambaram to Prime
Minister Manmohan Singh. Swamy also placed on record the certified copy
of the minutes of a meeting between Chidambaram, Raja and the Prime
Minister during the tenure of Raja as the MOC&IT.
Since criminal charges were filed against the accused,but no evidence
was given by Swamy or the CBI, all the respondents have got bail as of
July 2012.
Sanction to prosecute telecom minister A Raja
On January 31, 2012, the Supreme Court of India accepted Swamy's petition against the Prime Minister's Office
in the 2G case, saying that all public authorities should give a
sanction within 3 months against any public official if a request is
made for prosecution. The Supreme Court said that Subramanian Swamy had
the locus standi to seek sanction from the Prime Minister for the prosecution of A Raja
in the 2G scam. Sanction by a competent authority for the prosecution
of a public servant has to be granted within a time frame, the apex
court said. Justice AK Ganguly
said that the sanction would be deemed to be granted if competent
authority failed to take a decision within four months. Swamy's
arguments were that he wrote to the PMO on November 29, 2008 but it was
only on March 19, 2010 the PMO replied that the plea made by Swamy was
"premature" as investigation was being carried out by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). Raja was arrested by the CBI in the case and got bail on 15 May 2012 after spending nearly 15 months in the Tihar Central Jail.
Campaign against black money
He is the founder and chairperson of Action Committee Against Corruption in India (ACACI). ACACI's goal is to take specific action against corruption at very high places of government and Indian black money stashed abroad.
Views on Kashmir
In September 2008, Dr. Swamy stridently retorted against the
contentions of some Indian columnists who voiced their opinions in
favour of "peacefully" surrendering Kashmir to Pakistan. He said,
- "I would say that the silent suffering majority of India wants none of this. The ‘Kashmir issue,’ in fact, can no more be solved by dialogue either with the Pakistanis or the Hurriyat, leave alone the constitutional impossibility of allowing it to secede. Kashmir, in fact, is now our defining identity. It is a touchstone for our resolve to preserve our national integrity. The population of that State may be majority Muslim but the land and its history is predominantly Hindu. For our commitment to the survival of the ancient civilisation of India and the composite culture that secularists talk of, we have not only to win that coming inevitable war but also resolve never to part with Kashmir.
- Pakistanis often cite the United Nations resolutions on Kashmir to argue for a plebiscite. This obfuscates the fact of accession of the State to India. The legality of the Instrument of Accession signed in favour of India by the then Maharaja of J&K, Hari Singh, on October 26, 1947 has to prevail anyway. "
Controversies
Allegations against Gandhi family
Subramanian and Sonia Gandhi's false affidavit to Election Commission
Sonia Gandhi
had submitted an affidavit to the Election Commission of India citing a
false degree. In 2004, Subramanian Swamy filed a case in a High Court,
which enabled the judges to stop others from filing similar cases. Swamy
had clarified in the petition that his complaint against Ms. Gandhi was
for imposing a penalty on her but not for disqualifying her from
participating in the election. Sonia Gandhi admitted that it was a
"mistake" and apologized, upon which the judge ordered closure of the
case without penalty.
Claims about stopping Sonia Gandhi from becoming PM
Subramanian claims that after he wrote to APJ Abdul Kalam
to stop Sonia Gandhi from becoming PM, Kalam spoke to Sonia and
persuaded her not to become PM. But since 2004, Kalam has been denying
via press conferences and interviews that he never spoke to Subramanian
Swamy about her Citizenship. Press Records of Rashtrapati Bhavan prove
that the then president APJ Abdul Kalam never raised the issue of
Citizenship with Sonia.
On 19 May 2004, Dr. Kalam's office issued a press release,"It has
been reported in a section of the press that the President Dr. A.P.J.
Abdul Kalam had discussed the citizenship issue with Smt. Sonia Gandhi
when she met him yesterday at Rashtrapati Bhavan.
This is contrary to facts. It did not figure in the discussions at
all." Press releases dating back to 2004 are unavailable on President of
India's website. They were removed after the 2007 presidential
elections. Press information Bureau's link is as credible as original source.
Media has provided interviews of APJ Abdul Kalam to make it clear. P M
Nair, then secretary to the President in his book "The Kalam Effect: My
years with the President" reflects the same. In 2012, media reported
that Kalam in his book has said that he never spoke to Sonia Gandhi
about her Citizenship, and never backtracked from his stand of 2004., however Subramanian Swamy has given many proofs that Kalam spoke with Sonia about Citizen issue.
Unaccountable Wealth against Sonia Gandhi and The move to De-recognize Congress party
On 1st Nov, 2012 Swamy alleged that both Sonia and Rahul Gandhi have committed fraud and land grabbing to a tune of Rs. 1600 crores
by acquiring a public limited company called Associated Journals
Private Ltd(AJPL) through their owned private company, Young Indian.
Through this they had got publication rights of National Herald and
Quami Awaz newspapers, with real estate properties in Delhi and Uttar
Pradesh. The acquired place was intended only for newspaper purposes but
were used for running a passport office, amounting to lakhs of rupees, it alleges. Swamy further added that Rahul Gandhi hid the facts in his affidavit while filing nomination for the 2009 Lok Sabha elections.Rahul Gandhi's office send a letter to Swamy threatening legal action.
It further alleges that on February 26, 2011 AJPL approved the transfer of unsecured loan of Rs. 90 crores from the AICC
at zero interest. Subramanian argued that it is illegal for any
political party to lend money for commercial purposes as per "Section
29A to C of the RPA (1951) and Section 13A of IT Act (1961)" and
demanded investigation by the CBI and seeking de-recognition of the
party by the Election Commission for using public money.
On 2nd Nov, the party responded that the loan was given only for
reviving National Herald newspaper with no commercial interest.
Swamy decided to approach the Supreme Court challenging the Election
Commission's decision to reject his petition de-recognising the Congress
party.
Article against RSS and BJP
In 2000, he wrote an article against RSS and BJP in Frontline-`The
RSS game plan` "A disillusioned and dispirited RSS has set the ball
rolling for mid-term general elections in which it hopes that the BJP
will gain an absolute majority and implement the Hindutva agenda".
Article about 2011 Mumbai bombings
In response to the 2011 Mumbai bombings, he wrote an editorial in Daily News and Analysis (DNA) Some of Swamy’s Controversial suggestions in the article.
- The Hindu is the target and that Muslims of India are being programmed by a slow reactive process to become radical and thus slide into suicide against Hindus.
- Remove Article 370, and re-settle ex-servicemen in the Valley. Create Panun Kashmir for Hindu Pandit community. Look or create opportunity to take over PoK. If Pakistan continues to back terrorists, assist the Baluchis and Sindhis to struggle for independence.
- Remove the masjid in Kashi Vishwanath temple complex, and 300 others in other sites as a tit-for-tat.
- Make Sanskrit learning compulsory and singing of Vande Mataram mandatory, and declare India as Hindu Rashtra in which only those non-Hindus can vote if they proudly acknowledge that their ancestors are Hindus. Rename India as Hindustan as a nation of Hindus and those whose ancestors are Hindus.
- Enact a national law prohibiting conversion from Hindu religion to any other religion.
Propagate the development of a Hindu mindset. Swamy had written a similar column in The New Indian Express after the 2008 Mumbai attacks.
Views on Tamil Nadu Politics
He is well known for his critical views against the Government of
Tamil Nadu and against the "Aryan versus Dravidian" brand of divisive
politics of Periyar E. V. Ramasamy.
He obtained Supreme Court Stay against the implementation of Sethu Samuthiram Shipping Channel project (SSSCP).
He believes that it would hurt the sentiments of people who believe
that this shallow land connecting between Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka was
built by Hindu God Rama.
He strongly opposes the implementation of SSSCP citing that
implementing this scheme may affect the sentiments of Hinduism. He wrote
letters to Prime Minister of India in June 2009 asking him to stop the
project.
He has also strongly urged the Supreme Court of India to declare this
Rama-Sethu as a National heritage & historical monument.
Family and Personal life
Subramanian Swamy married Roxna Swamy (a Parsi) in June 1966 whom he met at Harvard. Then she had obtained Ph.D in Mathematics who is presently an advocate at the Supreme Court of India. They have two daughters, Dr. Gitanjali Swamy who is married to Sanjay Sarma, a professor at MIT and Suhasini Haider, a senior editor at CNN-IBN is married to Nadeem Haidar who is a son of Salman Haider, former foreign secretary and external affairs minister.
Honours, awards and international recognition
Year | Name | Awarding organization | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2012 | Distinguished Alumni Award. | Hindu College, University of Delhi. | ||
2012 | Indrayani Award. | Indrayani Cooperative bank. |
Books, Research Papers and Journals
Subramanian Swamy is a published author of several books, research
papers and journals. A complete list of papers, books and journals is
included below to which he is the author.
Books
- Economic Growth in China and India, 1952–70 (Publisher: University of Chicago Press; ISBN 978-0-226-78315-4)
- Indian economic planning;: An alternative approach (Publisher: Barnes & Noble; ISBN 978-0-389-04202-0)
- Building a New India: An Agenda for National Renaissance (Publisher: South Asia Books; ISBN 978-81-85674-21-6)
- India's Labour Standards and the WTO Framework (Publisher: Konark Publishers; ISBN 978-81-220-0585-1)
- India's economic performance and reforms: A perspective for the new millennium (Publisher: Konark Publishers; ISBN 978-81-220-0594-3)
- Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi: Unanswered Questions and Unasked Queries (Publisher: Konark Publishers; ISBN 978-81-220-0591-2)
- India's China perspective (Publisher: Konark Publishers; ISBN 978-81-220-0606-3)
- Financial Architecture and Economic Development in China and India (Publisher: Konark Publishers; ISBN 978-81-220-0718-3)
- Trade and Industry in Japan: A Guide to Indian Entrepreneurs and Businessmen (Publisher: Prentice-Hall of India; ISBN 978-81-203-0785-8)
- Sri Lanka in Crisis: India's Options (Publisher: Har Anand Publications; ISBN 978-81-241-1260-1)
- Kailas and Manasarovar after 22 years in Shiva's domain (Publisher: Allied Publishers)
- Hindus Under Siege (Publisher: Har Anand Publications; ISBN 978-81-241-1207-6)
- Rama Setu: Symbol of National Unity (Publisher: Har Anand Publications; ISBN 978-81-241-1418-6)
- Terrorism in India: A Strategy of Deterrence for India's National Security (Publisher: Har Anand Publications; ISBN 978-81-241-1344-8)
- Corruption and Corporate Governance in India: Satyam, Spectrum & Sundaram (Publisher: Har Anand Publications; ISBN 978-81-241-1486-5)
- 2G Spectrum Scam (Publisher: Har Anand Publications; ISBN 978-81-241-1638-8)
- Electronic voting machines: unconstitutional and tamperable (Publisher: Vision Books; ISBN 978-81-7094-798-1)
Article, Research Papers and Journals
Article
- Can India make it? India's path to sustained growth (Publisher: Harvard Asia Pacific review, Volumes 6-8 by Harvard University. Dept. of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, 2002)
- The response to economic challenge: A comparative economic history of China and India, 1870-1952 (Publisher: The Quarterly journal of economics, Volume 93 by Harvard University by the MIT Press, 1979)
Research Papers
- Economic growth and income distribution in a developing nation (Publisher: Harvard University, 1965)
- Nuclear policy for India (Publisher: Bharatiya Jana Sangh Publication, 1968)
- Plan for full employment (Publisher: Bharatiya Jana Sangh, 1970)
- Theoretical aspects of index numbers (Publisher: Harvard Institute of Economic Research, 1985)
- Land reforms: an economist's approach (Publisher: Deendayal Research Institute)
References
source-wikipedia.com
- "Swamy to teach at Harvard". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 2011-02-15. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
- "Board of Management of the SCMS Group of Educational Institutions: Chairman Dr. Subramanian Swamy".
- "The Beastly Beatitudes: The rise, fall and resurrection of Subramanian Swamy".
- "The Jury Is Out, Subramanian Swamy: is the man a solution or a riddle?". Outlook (magazine). Retrieved 2012-01-03.
- "The Outlier: The inscrutable politics of Subramanian Swamy". The Caravan. Retrieved May 5, 2012.
- "Subramanian Swamy: Queries and Answers, Interview". Retrieved 2012-01-03.
- "An Indian tribute: Paul Samuelson, Guru". Retrieved 2011-12-29.
- "People: Subramanian Swamy". FirstPost. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
- "High Court of Delhi : Swamy's plea for recovery of dues from IIT". Zee News. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
- "Harvard removes Subramanian Swamy's courses over controversial column". Indiaeducationreview.
- "The Rediff Special: The Man People Love to Hate". Rediff.com.
- Swamy to teach at Harvard The Hindu – February 15, 2011
- "So Long Swamy: There is no room for hateful rhetoric at Harvard". The Harvard Crimson.
- "Subramanian Swamy meets Barack Obama". 28 July 2012.
- My Experiences with Jayaprakash Narayan - Subramanian Swamy
- "FDI in retail must not be allowed".
- "Whither economic reforms? India". Chennai, India: Frontline, The Hindu. Retrieved 2012-01-07.
- "Assessing India's economic reforms: Swamy". Frontline, The Hindu. Retrieved 2011-10-12.
- Financial Architecture and Economic Development in China and India. Konark Publishers Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-81-220-0718-3.
- "His Role in Foreign Affairs:The President"
- "Dr. Subramanian Swamy vs J. Jayalalitha on 20 August 1996".
- Shahroze Tariq Raza (2012-07-14), "Why is BJP always doing Congress a favour?", Daily Pioneer
- "Subramanian Swamy gets brahmastra against Chidambaram", News One India, 2012-07-10
- "2G chronology".
- "2G Spectrum Shadiness". The Caravan. Retrieved May 5, 2012.
- Jiby Kattakayam (2011-02-06), "CBI asked to file detailed report on 2G scam", The Hindu (Chennai, India), retrieved 2011-08-01
- "Re-auction 2G spectrum, restrain Sibal: Subramanian Swamy", Indo-Asian News Service, 2011-01-11, retrieved 2011-08-01
- Subramanian Swamy (2010-12-09), "Sonia Gandhi's sisters received Rs18,000 crores : 2G Scam secrets", Currentweek, retrieved 2011-08-01
- "Permit me to prosecute Sonia: Swamy", Expressbuzz, 2011-04-19, retrieved 2011-08-01
- "Sonia Gandhi has 1 Lakh crore black money stashed abroad – Subramanian Swamy", India Hills Today, 2011-05-29, retrieved 2011-08-01
- "2G case: Subramanian Swamy submits documents against Chidambaram, arguments on January 21", Economic Times, 2012-01-07, retrieved 2012-01-07
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G_spectrum_scam.
- "Raja gets bail, walks out of Tihar jail". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 2012-05-15.
- "About ACACI". ACACI. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
- "ACACI organization". ACACI. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
- "Kashmir defines Indian identity". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 2008-09-25.
- "SC dismisses petition on Sonia's "false" affidavit".
- Kumar, Hari (2012-07-03). "Sonia Gandhi's Sacrifice". New York Times.
- "Citizenship issue did not figure in the discussions between the President and Smt Sonia Gandhi".
- "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, Turning Points: A Journey Through Challenges. Published by HarperCollins, 2012". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 2012-06-30.
- "Kalam not being truthful on Sonia-as-PM episode, says Swamy".
- http://www.deccanherald.com/content/289449/swamy-accuses-sonia-rahul-property.html
- http://www.firstpost.com/politics/swamy-does-a-kejriwal-targets-sonia-rahul-for-landgrab-511644.html
- http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rahul-threatens-to-sue-subramanian-swamy/article4055087.ece
- http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Swamy-seeks-Congress-de-recognition-party-says-Herald-emotional-issue/Article1-954171.aspx
- http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-to-revive-national-herald-challenges-swamy-to-take-it-to-court/article4058571.ece
- http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/swamy-to-move-court-against-ec/article4073917.ece
- "The RSS game plan".
- Subramanian Swamy (2011-07-16), "Analysis: How to wipe out Islamic terror", Daily News and Analysis, retrieved 2011-07-27
- Subramanian Swamy (31 May 2010), How to wipe out Islamic terror, Janata Party
- Subramanian Swamy appears before tribunal examining LTTE ban The Times of India – Oct 28, 2010
- LTTE part of the problem: Swamy The Hindu – Nov 13, 2008
- "The well-regarded Supreme Court advocate on her husband : SUNIT ARORA INTERVIEWS ROXNA SWAMY". Outlook (magazine). Retrieved 2012-01-03.
- Sunday Celebrity: Dr. Subramanian Swamy, his presence a must in Indian politics. Asian Tribune. Retrieved on 2011-10-16.
- "Democracy at Crossroads, Debunk Silent Majority: CAG". Outlook (magazine). Retrieved June 1, 2012.
- "It's time silent majority spoke up, says Vinod Rai". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 2012-01-14. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
- "Will pursue 2G scam case till the end, says Swamy". The Times of India. 2012-03-13. Retrieved January 3, 2012
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